Instrument for indicating navigational factors



Feb. 22, 1938. J. M. BOYKOW ,2

INSTRUMENT FOR INDICATING NAVIGATIONAL FACTORS Filed Jan. 10, 1934 17 Sheets-Sheet 1 I/vvs/v'ro UBMAAW HARVIABOYKOW Feb. 22, 1938.

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Feb. 22, 1938. J. M. BOYKbW 2,109,283

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Feb. 22, 1938 J. M. BoY'Kow 2,109,283

INSTRUMENT FOR INDICATING NAVIGATIONAL FACTORS Filed Jan. l0, 1934 17 Sheets-Sheet 16 F if LL Feb. 22, 1938. J. M. BOYKOW, 2

INSTRUMENT FOR INDICATING NAVIGATIONAL FACTORS Filed Jan. 10, 1934 1? Sheets-Sheet l7 N. E- w INTEGRRTOR53 I-TEGRAT0R54 FIG.|4 FIG.I4

cowmcrmm I70 I70 coumcr Rm? 1 :60' RECENERQ RECEIVER I60 COUNTER TRAN MOTOR l I I l MOTOR 5o 305 ycounsc'mmspzgo INSTRUMENT RECEIVER F6 2|. RtctrvER 407 i v 4536} I g 1/ I 4o| I MOTOR 457 460 TRANSMITTER TRA sMn- DISTANfiEAuu LOCATION sTAalLgzme GYRO 40 ,NSTRUMENT STABILIZING GYR04I F'|6$.4,7&8 FIG. 24. F'IGS.4'.6'

RECEIVER RECEIVER RECEIVER RECEIVER 77' 1 474 475 RECEIVER LATITUDE INSTRUMENT FIG. 12. COMPASS 6502046 HAM WHEEL 334 AZIMUTH GvRo 5O MOMENT GENERATOR I I ATTORNEYS rections.

Patented Feb. 22, 1938 v v INSTRUMENT FOR INDICATING NAVIGA TIONAL FACTORS J ohann Maria Boykow, Berlin-Iichterfelde-West, Germany, assignor, by inesne assignments, to Deutsche' Lnftfahrt- 11nd Handeis-Aktien-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany, a eorperationof Germany Application January 10, 1934, Serial No. 105,997

21, Claims.

This invention relates to a device for measuring distances.

For measurin with respect to length and direction, distances covered by all classes of craft, such as land, air,and water craft, it has heretofore been necessary to establish some relation to thetravelling path or to determine themomental-y position by sight or observation in order .to compute the distance covered, with respect to length and course, from the difference of the positional data.

The object of the present invention is to provide a device, or system, to determine'with respect to length and direction, the distance traversed by a craft at any. given moment, and that without requiring either a correlation between craft and travelling path or the determining of the momentary position by the observation of objects outside the craft in question.

The object of the invention is thus toprovide a device, or system, for determining the distance covered by a double integration of the acceleration to which the craft is subjected.

The object of the invention is, furthermore, to provide a) device, or system, for determining the distance traversed in a definite direction by dou-' ble integration of the acceleration to which the craft is submitted in this direction.

The object of'the invention is, moreover, to

0 provide a device, or system, for determining,

with respect to length and direction, the distance covered by any craft from the starting point, and thus its position at any given moment, .both by double integration of the acceleration to which the craft is subjected from two different directions, these directions suitably being at right angles to each other, and by geometrical addition of the two distances covered in the said di- The present invention, furthermore, relates to a body oscillating in the craft, the deflections of which are proportional to the acceleration acting upon it, in conjunctionwith an electric switch which supplies current to the exciting circuit of an electric motor in proportion to the magnitude and duration of the acceleration acting upon the oscillating body, to the efiect that the rotor of the electric motor, freed of all possible forces other than those acting 'upon the oscillating body, describes revolutions themumber of which, in each case, is proportional to the distance traversed by the craft. -In the following, an instrument arranged in the said manner will be called integrator;

Another object of the present invention is to provide means having the tendency to maintain the oscillating bodypermanently in a definite direction to an earth direction, say the north-.

oscillating in a horizontal plane and so arranged that theoscillating masses, in their center positions, are situated on radii at right angles to each other and passing through the respective centers of oscillation.

The present invention, furthermore, consists in means for neutralizing the eilect of bearing friction.

' An additional object of-the invention consistsin the application ofstabilizing gyros so as to maintain the horizontal position of the base of the swinging bodies. 7

A further object of the invention consists in the application of a swinging body in the form of a casing, with a field coil for arotor rotating in the saidcasing and provided with an armature winding so that the torque of the stator results in a counter-torque of the rotor. 7

A further object of the invention consists in means to compensate for the influences exerted by both the true and the apparent rotation of the earth upon the oscillating bodies.

Another object of the invention consists in the arrangement of two integrators with horizontal oscillating plane, the one of which responds to acceleration inv east-west direction, the other to acceleration in north-south direction, on a gimbal-suspended platform stabilized by two gyros one of which is allotted to each integrator, and provided with a north-south gyro as well as an azimuth gyro. V

Another object of the invention consists in shaking devices for neutralizing the eitect of bear ing friction on the platform or on the apparagis mounted on the platform.

Another object of the invention consists means to indicate the number of revolutions of the rotor of an integrator and to determine theremeans for automatically adding up geometrically the distances determined from the value obtained rom the two integrators.

Another object of the invention consists in a device for representing a distance to be covered cate the position of the craft at any given moment.

Another object of the invention consists in means by which, if a chart arrangement of the said kind is used and which would correspond to a chart network in Mercators projection, a correction is effected and the true geographical longitude of the momentary position of the craft obtained.

Further particulars and. objects of the invention may be derived from the following description and the attached drawings. Although in the accompanying drawings I show essentially only one way of putting the invention into efiect, variations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the claims.

I would explain that by transmitters and receivers, as will be repeatedly mentioned in the following, similar apparatus are to be understood as are frequently employed on board ship in the form of engine room telegraphs. Each of these well known transmitters and receivers consists of an armature with three-phase winding and a single-phase field winding fed with alternating current. The three armature phases of a transmitter are electrically connected with the three phases of the armature of the associate receiver, so that the rotation of the transmitter armature causes the armature of the receiver to rotate through a similar angle. The three-phase winding may, however, also be arranged on the stator and the single-phase winding on the rotor of the transmitter and receiver.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the cooperating groups of apparatus and their main connections.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic top view of the apparatus receiving the acceleration, according to the invention, with two integrators, two stabilizing gyros and two direction gyros and shaking devices, the protective cover being partly removed.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic side view of the apparatus, with the individual apparatus covered bythe protective hood.

Fig. 4 is a side view of one of the stabilizing gyros, with part of the case and gyro float shown in section.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the upper part of Fig. 4, on a larger scale, along line 5'-5 of Fig. 6, looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 6 is a section along line 6-6 of Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrow.

Figs. '7 and 8 are sections, similar to those of Figs. 5 and 6, of the corresponding parts on the other stabilizing gyro.

I Fig. 9 is a vertical section through the compass-gyro arrangement, and

Figs. 10 and 10a. show different views of parts thereof.

Fig. 11 shows a diagrammatic side View of the azimuth gyro.

Fig. 12 is a transmitter rotating device. 0 6

resting the true earth rotation, in section along line l2|2 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 13 shows the same device in section along line l3l3 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a vertical section of an integrator with the associated parts.

Fig. 15 shows a top viewof a device for reading the number of revolutions of the integrators.

Fig. 16 is a side view, partly sectional, of a shaking device.

Fig. 1'? shows a side view of parts for controlling the shaking devices.

Fig. 18a is a section along line I8a--l8a and Fig. 18b a section along line I8bl8b of Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic representation pertaining to the shaking device.

Fig. 20 shows a section of another type of shaking device.

Fig. 21 shows a top. view of a device for representing travelling course and speed, at a given moment, partly in section and partly with the cover plate removed.

Fig. 22 shows a section along line Fig. 21, and

Fig. 23, a section along line 23-23 of Fig. 21.

Fig. 24 is a top view of an apparatus used for automatically adding up geometrically the distances covered and for determining the position at any given moment, according to the invention.

Fig. 25 is a section along line 25-25 of Fig. 24.

Fig. 26 is a circuit diagram of group A of Fig. 1,

Fig. 27 is a circuit diagram of group B,

Fig. 28, a circuit diagram of groups C and D,

Fig. 29, a circuit diagram of group E,

Fig. 30, a circuit diagram of group F, and

Fig. 31, a diagram showing the interconnection of the individual instruments. I

The whole apparatus, as covered by the invention, consists of a plurality of individual instruments and auxiliary apparatus, which, for the sake of clearness will, in the following, be treated in individual groups. These groups of apparatus can'all be arranged on a common base or partly mounted separately at suitable points of the craft, in which case they need only be interconnected by electric wires. Obviously, not all instruments need be present at the same time.

In Fig. 1:

Group A comprises the integrators" with their auxiliary instruments and apparatus required for stabilizing them and setting them to the correct position. I

Group B comprises the shaking devices for preventing the occurrence of faults due to bearing friction in the instruments and apparatus of group A.

Group C comprises the instrument which indicates the ground course and speed.

Group D comprises the instrument which indicates the position and effects the automatic geometrical addition of the distances traversed.

Group E comprises two transmitterswith constant drive by two motors.

Group F comprises manually operated transmitters for correcting the true earth rotation.

3 denotes a three-phase current lead which thus contains three wires, denotes a direct current line which consists of two conductors,

I and a single-phase current line likewise con- 7 number of conductors of each group may be derived from Figs. 26 to 30.

A description of the individual instruments and apparatus will be given first, to befollowed by comments on their correlation and cooperation,

as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 26-31.

In the example described, the integrators are arranged on a platform suspended on gimbals, maintained in north-south direction by a com-.'

pass gyro and .kept in horizontal position by stabilizing gyros. The components of groups A and B are connected with the platform or with its supporting device.

In Figs. 2 and 3 30 is a base-plate with two supports-3i in which the apparatus is pivoted with two gimbal rings 32 and 33, 34 being the axis of rotation of ring 32 and 35 that of ring 33. 36 is an axis arranged at right angles to axes 34 and 35, which supports platform 31 on which the instruments are mounted and is one piece with same. A protective cover 33 which covers the instruments arranged on platform 31, is flxed to the platform in a suitable manner, e. g. by screws 33. To stabilize the platform, the gyros 43 and 23. 4| .are provided which are represented as asynchronous motors (see Fig. 26) the said gyros are capable of precessing on shafts 42 and 43 respectively. -Their impulse shafts 44 and 45 respectively are arranged at right angles to each other. Shafts 44 and 45 are preferably arranged in parallel or at right angles to the meridian. 46

' is a compass gyro with three degrees of freedom,

determined by the axis of precession 41, Cardan shaft 43 and impulse shaft 49, which is parallel to the meridian. To illustrate an example, im-

' 4,5 associated with the stabilizing arm 48 and 4| in such a manner that the impulse shaft of either stabilizing gyro is parallel to the direction of acceleration forces to which responds the integrator associated with same or the oscillating body contained in same and described in the course of the specification. Associated with each other in the.

manner described above are the stabilizing gyro 43 and the integrator 53 on the one hand and stabilizing gyro 4| and integrator 34 on the other.

55 .The relative position of the integrators is also determined-by the fact that the lines tangent to the circles described by the oscillating bodies through the points of intersection of the oscillaw tion circles with the radii corresponding to the so neutral positions of the oscillating bodies are at right angles to each other, no matter whether oscillating bodies are employed having a vertical axis of rotation or such having a horizontal axis of oscillation. If, as in the example described, 55 the axes of oscillation are maintained in a vertical position, not only will the said tangents be 'at right angles to each other but even the radii corj responding to the neutral positionsof the oscillating bodies. 4 70 Means are-provided for eliminating the effects of bearing friction. Forfthis purpose there are .two shaking devices 55 and 56 with a relative displacement of their axes by 90 degrees. The shaking devices, which inthe course of the de- 75 scription will be referred to'in detail, are connectedwith the platform itself and mounted on same with the result that they act upon the platform directly; the shaft of the shaking device 55 is parallel to the impulse shaft 44 of the stabilizing gyro and the shaft of the shaking device 56 is parallel to the impulse shaft of the stabilizing gyro 4|. A third shaking device 51, 54 (see Fig. 20) is provided and described below; the said device consists of two parts one of which is arranged on the upper part of shaft 36 and the other on the lower part. These parts are covered by the protective hoods 264 and 265 respectively which are fastened to Cardan ring 33 in a suitable manner, as, iorexample, by screws 266 and 241 respectively. Instead of providing shaking devices such as 55 and 56 on the platform, I may mount on the shafts 34 and 35, shaking devices of the type shown in connection with shaft 36. On shaft 34 means are also arranged, as, for example, slip rings 60 of which but a few are represented schematically and whose function it is to tap current from the various electric conductors indicated in Figs. 1 and 26-31. Corresponding slip ring leads (not contained in the drawings) are provided on the other shaft also for the purpose of passing the current from ring 32 via ring 33 to platform 31. As these devices are known and not covered by the claims, it is unnecessary to include them in the drawings since this would not add to the cleamess of the diagram.

The stabilizing gyros 40 and 4| are equal as far as their main parts are concerned. The description will now proceed in accordance with Fig. 4 for the east-west gyro 4|. The gyro is arranged in the form of a so-called float gyro used for the purpose of diminishing the friction, there is no reason, however, not to apply successfully a gyro of some other well known type. An external case6l is rigidly fixed to platform 31 and filled with a liquid 42. In the said liquid the float 63 floats with a vertical axis 43 which simultaneously is the precession axis of the gyro contained in the float. 64 is the gyro body with the impulse shaft 45. The gyro box 65 is rigidly connected with float 63 by means of bracket 3. On float box 6| a junction box 68 is arranged into .which the.upper end 69 of the precession axis 43 protrudes and which is rigidly connected with the said float box by partitions or bracket 61. The precession axis is pivoted at its upper and its lower end on bearings 1|! and 11 respectively.-

Means are provided for the purposeof compensating the influence of the rotation of the earth in the stabilizing gyros 40 and 4|, special means being available at the east-west gyro to compensate for-both the true and the apparent rotation of the" earth; the north-south gyro 43 j is only provided with means. for compensating the apparent rotation of the earth. The said compensating means are housed in the junction box 88; they are shown in large-scale drawings in Figs. 5 and 6 referring to the above east-west gyro 4i, and in Figs. 7 and 8 pertaining to the north-south gyro.

As already stated above, the extension 4! of precession axis 43 protrudes intojunction box 68 and rotates freely (Figs. 5 and 6). The extension 69 supports a rigidly connected yokeshaped piece 12 on its endfthe arms 13 and 14 of which can be seen in -Fig. 6 where the middle section is not shown; Each of the arms 13 and 14 has a freely rotating pulley at its" end (15 and 16 respectively).

In addition, the case 63 contains two synchronous receivers 11 and 13 one arranged higher 

